What a stoichiometry reiknivél needs
Enter coefficients for reactants and varas, inntak quantities for reactants, and, when needed, molar masses and yield information.
Stoichiometry Reiknivél (Limiting Reagent, Theoretical Yield, Percent Yield)
Calculate the limiting reagent, excess amount, theoretical yield, and percent yield from reaction coefficients and inntak quantities such as g, mol, and solution M×L.
This page is a calculation verkfæri only. It does not provide procedures, conditions, or safety guidance.
Uses user-entered coefficients to reduce ambiguity
Works with g, mol, and solution M×L inntaks
Shows excess amount, theoretical yield, and percent yield together
Supports share URLs and local auto-save
Choose an example and the same setup will be loaded when you open the verkfæri.
Current example
Choose an example to pyfirferð the reaction and the sample quantities here.
What stoichiometry calculation means (limiting reagent, theoretical yield, and percent yield)
Stoichiometry is the quantitative relationship between reaction coefficients and actual inntak amounts. It tells you which reactant runs out first, how much vara can form, and how an actual niðurstaða bera samans with the theoretical maximum.
The core of a limiting reagent calculation
Divide each reactant amount in mol by its coefficient. The smallest value determines the limiting reagent.
How to read percent yield
Theoretical yield is the ideal maximum with no loss or side reaction. Percent yield bera samans the actual amount with that theoretical value.
How to use
- Load an example or enter the reactant and vara coefficients, names, and any molar masses you need.
- For each reactant, enter the amount as mass, amount of substance, or solution inntak (M×L).
- If needed, choose a target vara and enter expected yield or actual yield.
- Run the calculation to yfirferð the limiting reagent, excess amount, theoretical yield, yield values, and the calculation details.
Examples
Water formation
Inntak
2 H2 + O2 → 2 H2O, H2 4 g, O2 32 g
Úttak
H2 is limiting and the theoretical yield of H2O is about 35.7 g
Ammonia synthesis
Inntak
N2 + 3 H2 → 2 NH3, N2 28 g, H2 6 g
Úttak
H2 is limiting and the verkfæri shows both the theoretical NH3 yield and the excess N2
Abstract ratio example
Inntak
A + 2 B → C, A 1 mol, B 1 mol
Úttak
B is limiting and C is 0.5 mol
How the limiting reagent is calculated (with example inntak)
How to read a limiting reagent calculation
The reiknivél divides each reactant amount in mol by the corresponding coefficient. The smallest niðurstaða is used to identify the limiting reagent. When differences are extremely small, the verkfæri also warns about a possible co-limiting case.
How percent yield is calculated (expected yield and actual yield)
A common point of confusion in yield calculations
Expected yield is a áætlunning estimate. Actual yield is an observed niðurstaða after the reaction or process. This verkfæri keeps them separate so they are not mixed together.
Algengar spurningar
Can this verkfæri balance a chemical equation automatically?
Not at this time. The verkfæri is limited to user-entered coefficients so the quantitative assumptions stay explicit.
Can it calculate from solution inntak (M×L)?
Yes. The reiknivél converts concentration and volume into mol before applying the reaction ratio.
Can I use it for multistep reactions?
For now, calculate each step separately. A linked step vinnuferli may be added later.
Which vara does the yield refer to when there are multiple varas?
Yield is normally skýrslaed for a chosen target vara. This verkfæri lets you select that vara.
How do I handle reagent purity or assay value?
Enter purity as a percentage and the reiknivél will adjust the effective inntak mol accordingly.
Glossary
Limiting reagent
The reactant that runs out first and therefore limits the extent of reaction.
Theoretical yield
The maximum amount predicted when no side reaction or process loss occurs.
Percent yield
The actual yield divided by the theoretical yield, expressed as a percentage.
Extent of reaction ξ
A quantity that describes how far the reaction proceeds and connects coefficients to mol calculations.
Formulas
Mass to mol: n = m / MSolution to mol: n = C × VLimiting reagent: ξ = min(n_i / ν_i)Vara amount: n_vara = ν_vara × ξPercent yield: actual / theoretical × 100
Athugasemdir
- Any mistake in molar mass, coefficient, or purity feeds directly into the niðurstaða.
- The remaining solution volume is shown as supply-equivalent volume, not as the true remaining mixed solution volume.
- Substance names are included in the share URL, so do not enter confidential names.