DNS và máy chủ tên là gì? Kết nối tên miền và máy chủ
When you start a website, you will always encounter “DNS” and “máy chủ têns.” Understanding what they are and how they work is essential for running a site successfully.
In this article, I explain these basics in a way that is easy for beginners to understand and provide the knowledge you need for smooth website operation.
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What Is DNS?
DNS, or the Tên miền Name System, is a system that can be described as the internet’s address book.
It converts the domain names we can easily remember into IP addresses that computers can easily understand. Because of this process, you can access a site simply by entering its website address into a browser.
What Is a Name Server?
A máy chủ tên is a server within the DNS system that keeps the correspondence between tên miền names and địa chỉ IPes.
When you purchase a tên miền, a máy chủ tên is essential for that tên miền to function on the internet. Because of this, people all over the world can find your site.
How to Configure DNS and Name Servers
Register the Tên miền
The first step in launching a website is to register the tên miền name you want.
Specify the Name Server
After registering the tên miền, you need to specify the máy chủ tên to be used for that tên miền. When you sign up for a rental server, the hosting company can provide the máy chủ tên information.
Adjust the DNS Settings
Finally, you map the tên miền name to the địa chỉ IP. This includes configuring A records and MX records.
Configure an A Record
An A record, or Address Record, is the record used to link a tên miền name to an địa chỉ IP. For example, it is used when you associate your website’s tên miền name with the địa chỉ IP of the web server.
- Access the DNS control panel: Log in to the control panel of the registrar managing the domain or the hosting service.
- Go to the DNS settings: Move to the DNS-related settings section, such as “DNS management” or “DNS settings.”
- Add the A record: Choose the option to add an A record and enter the required information.
Host name: Usually the domain name or subdomain name, such as www.
IP address: Enter the IP address of the server hosting the website. - Save the changes: Save the settings and apply the changes.
Configure an MX Record
An MX record, or Mail Exchange Record, is the record used to specify the mail server that handles emails received through the tên miền name.
- Access the DNS control panel: Again, log in to the control panel of the registrar or hosting service managing the domain.
- Go to the DNS settings: Move to the DNS-related settings section.
- Add the MX record: Choose the option to add an MX record and enter the required information.
Priority: If you configure multiple mail servers, this number determines which server receives mail first. The lower the number, the higher the priority.
Mail server address: Enter the domain name of the server that handles the mail, such as mail.example.com. - Save the changes: Save the settings and apply the changes.
Points to Watch and Costs
Propagation Time
After changing the máy chủ tên or DNS settings, it takes time for those changes to be reflected across the internet. In general, it is good to allow anywhere from a few hours to about 48 hours.
Security
Because there is also a risk of DNS hijacking, it is important to choose a trustworthy service.
Costs
Registering a tên miền usually costs a few hundred to a few thousand yen per year depending on the tên miền. Máy chủ tên services are often included in a rental server contract, but if you use a specialized DNS service, additional charges may apply.
Tóm tắt
DNS and máy chủ têns are foundational parts of operating a website.
By learning this knowledge, launching and managing a website becomes much smoother. I hope this article will help with your website operations.